Need refrigerant selection advice for custom chiller project, to freeze water
Hey guys, I'm in the process of fleshing out some design details for a liquid chiller project for a thermal systems design course at school and am wondering if anyone has some advice for what refrigerant would be practical.
We get 7 min to cool a 500 mL bottle of water as much as possible using a bucket of ice water with between 4 and 8 lb of ice. I'm working on determining what sort of system will be able to completely freeze the bottle before 7 min so as to reach a final temp lower than freezing. My preliminary calculations show I'm looking for at least an 800W system with an evaporator temp probably between -20 and -30 degrees C in a glycol liquid bath. The condensor will be a shell and tube HX with the water from the icebucket circulated through it, hence very cold condensor temps.
So my question is, would R-22 be a practical choice in this case? Is there another non exotic refrigerant that would work better? I'm trying to find a solution that does not require a huge compressor (R-134a and R-152a have been ruled out in favor of R-22 so far for this reason, going by the research I've done so far). I'm also trying to limit it to any relatively common refrigerants to keep cost and complexity down (primarily sourcing major components from scrap equipment/ebay, meaning selection is limited to mostly common stuff, plus whatever else that common stuff could be made to work with, like what refrigerants have a chance of working well in an R-22 compressor).
I do have my 608 type 1 certification, so legality is squared away.
Thanks in advance!
You would have to pump less 404 than 22
So if you used 404 you could use a smaller compressor. Just dump out the oil and refill with POE.
Why are you using the S&T condenser? Do you already have it?
What is the metering device?
(ice water condenser water and) "very cold condenser temps" are not going to cut it. How are you going to create the TD across the orifice?
Can the 500ml of water be in a container of any shape? Or is it to be in a fixed size/shape bottle? I ask because a part of your challenge is going to be surface area / heat exchange.
BTW: was the 500ml size chosen because it's one pound? Who came up with the rules of this test?
If you can do whatever you want why not set a bottle of liquid CO2 in the bucket of ice water and the 500ml bottle of water into another bucket - and then blast CO2 into the second bucket? A total-loss refrigeration system.
PHM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by
twophase
Hey guys, I'm in the process of fleshing out some design details for a liquid chiller project for a thermal systems design course at school and am wondering if anyone has some advice for what refrigerant would be practical.
We get 7 min to cool a 500 mL bottle of water as much as possible using a bucket of ice water with between 4 and 8 lb of ice. I'm working on determining what sort of system will be able to completely freeze the bottle before 7 min so as to reach a final temp lower than freezing. My preliminary calculations show I'm looking for at least an 800W system with an evaporator temp probably between -20 and -30 degrees C in a glycol liquid bath. The condensor will be a shell and tube HX with the water from the icebucket circulated through it, hence very cold condensor temps.
So my question is, would R-22 be a practical choice in this case? Is there another non exotic refrigerant that would work better? I'm trying to find a solution that does not require a huge compressor (R-134a and R-152a have been ruled out in favor of R-22 so far for this reason, going by the research I've done so far). I'm also trying to limit it to any relatively common refrigerants to keep cost and complexity down (primarily sourcing major components from scrap equipment/ebay, meaning selection is limited to mostly common stuff, plus whatever else that common stuff could be made to work with, like what refrigerants have a chance of working well in an R-22 compressor).
I do have my 608 type 1 certification, so legality is squared away.
Thanks in advance!
Maybe both of the R-22 rotaries. <g>
Just for some rough perspective: an R-22 air conditioning compressor running at a 25 lb. suction will pump about 40% of it's rated capacity.
You're going to need some fire power to do what you want. Off the top of my head I am thinking 1HP or more to run a -35º F. suction and get all the heat out in seven minutes.
Hell; just the pulldown will take more than a minute - have you considered the the insulating value of the building ice layer? The thermal mass of all the components?
PHM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by
twophase
Yeah, I thought about that. I have a recip. compressor from an r-134 fridge, but it's rated for only 600 btu, but that is at -20 deg C evap temps. Not sure if using r-22 or even r404 would make up the difference. I'm also not sure yet if any additional capacity can be gained by running the condensor cold, since pretty much all of these size compressors are rated for air cooled condensor temps. Running r22 would be easier since it uses non hydroscopic oil. I also have a 1100W and a 1300W r22 rotary compressor from dehumidifiers. I know the cooling power will decrease with decreasing evap temps, but how much and how an ice cooled condensor will mitigate that problem remains to be seen.
@PHM
I'm not decided on the metering device yet. I understand the working principles of cap tube/txv but don't have the practical knowledge to know the pitfalls of them in certain applications. I'd like to use a txv, thinking it will give better cooldown performance, better control/easier adjustability for evap temps, and more useful for other projects after this one is done. Problem is finding one cheap on ebay that is small enough and knowing how it will work with my system, since there's probably a snowball's chance in hell of finding a 1/4 ton low temp r22 txv just chilling on ebay. Cap tube is cheap but finding the best size/length might be a bit tricky, and it will only be at optimum performance within a relatively narrow operating range.
I picked shell and tube because it would be easy to fabricate from scratch. We cannot use any pre made hx. It would be a crude setup consisting of a design determined length of 1/4" soft copper formed in flat parallel loops inside of a pvc pipe. A pump will circulate the water through the pipe. The evaporator will be a coiled tube to fit around the bottle of water, submerged in a glycol bath with a circulating pump to increase the convection coefficient. The glycol will be made to swirl in the hopes of imparting random rotating motion to the bottle in order to increase the convection inside as much as possible. The team members must be at least 3ft away during testing, meaning the system must be completely self sufficient. We must use the bottled water as it comes (dasani to be exact) and are not allowed to open it until testing is done. The instructor made the rules. The surface area and internal convection coefficient is definitely the limiting factor. A large enough temperature difference will be required to compensate.
I'm not sure I understand your question. A low condensor pressure would make less work for the compressor in maintaining -20 or -30 deg C evap temps, but the metering restriction would have to be reduced accordingly to work with the lower than typical delta P. Is there something I am missing?
R404 might work pretty well in a r134 compressor, since it would increase its capacity more than r22, and POE is already the oil of choice for r134 IIRC. The biggest problem for me really is obtaining refrigerants in much less than 25-30 lb quantities. I'd only need no more than a pound of chosen refrigerant. I guess swallowing the cost of a full cyl isn't too bad if I can find a deal online/ebay, since I have other personal projects planned this summer. Plus, if I buy a whole cyl of r22 now, I can sell the rest when it gets really expensive.
Realize that this is more about me wanting to learn more about refrigeration system design (and crushing the competition on test day :grin2: ). There are much easier ways to perform sufficiently on this project to get an A. It is graded as a competition and it's college kids in undergrad engineering, lol...nobody else really cares that much and probably won't be putting a whole lot of effort and advance planning into it.
Thanks everyone for the replies!